Hamster Anti-High mobility group protein B1

Hamster anti High Mobility Group Protein B1 antibody, clone HMG1-5H6 specifically recognizes High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitously expressed nuclear DNA binding protein, and one of a newly emerging group of alarmins, which acts as a stabilizer of nucleosome formation, and facilitates transcription factor binding, by bending DNA.HMGB1 is one of the signature danger signals of endogenous cellular injury, and is released outside the cell by necrotic and inflammatory cells to act as a chemoattractant for immature dendritic cells (DCs), promoting their maturation. DCs can also secrete HMGB1, promoting proliferation and Th1 polarization of interacting T cells. Cellular injury resulting in necrosis, leads to passive HMGB1 release, and microbes or pro-inflammatory cytokines may later stimulate active release from APCs.HMGB1 is emerging as a prime specific marker and regulator of necrotic cell death, possibly through the PI3KC3-MEK-ERK pathway. It interacts directly with the autophagy protein Beclin-1, and binds to receptors, such as RAGE on endothelial cells, and Toll-like receptors on macrophages. Studies identifying microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) lipidation and redistribution, coupled with the accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, have shown an important role for HMGB1 release in sustaining autophagy. Studies have also shown that HMGB1 released after chemotherapy treatment is a critical regulator of autophagy, and a potential drug target for therapeutic interventions in leukemia.HMGB1 is increasingly recognized as an important protein in medical research. It is angiogenic and promotes cardiac stem cell growth and differentiation, it may act as an adjuvant or assist in tissue repair, and is also a prototypical damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) which co-precipitates with CD24 and is associated with the hallmarks of cancer.