ATF1 Protein

ATF1 is a class of transcription factor that stimulates gene expression of several cell growth-related genes through protein kinase A-related cAMP response elements. ATF1 can physically associate with BRCA1 in vitro, in yeast, and in human cells and BRCA1 is implicated in the transcriptional activation of ATF1 target genes, some of which are involved in the transcriptional response to DNA damage (1). Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) and MSK2 play a role in the stress-induced phosphorylation of ATF1 in primary embryonic fibroblasts. However, mitogen-induced phosphorylation of ATF1 is greatly reduced (2).