Nitrotyrosine BSA

Nitrotyrosine is a post-translational modification that is formed by the nitration of tyrosine.{60009} Under conditions of oxidative stress, tyrosine is oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite, by myeloperoxidase (MPO) to yield a tyrosine radical that reacts with reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide or peroxynitrite, to form nitrotyrosine. It exists in a free or protein-bound form and is commonly used as a marker of nitrosative or oxidative stress.{31710} Nitrotyrosine residues have been found in a variety of proteins, including LDL, surfactant protein A, angiotensin II, and human and bovine serum albumin.{60010} Free nitrotyrosine production induced by peroxynitrite is inhibited by the polyphenols epicatechin gallate, gallic acid, catechin, or epicatechin in cell-free assays, as well as in aortic rings isolated from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats administered the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC; Item No. 20261).{60011,60012} Nitrotyrosine levels are increased in the affected tissues of numerous pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, cancer, ulcerative colitis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.{60010} Autoantibodies that recognize nitrotyrosinated proteins are increased in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and are positively correlated with joint and tendon inflammation.{60009} This product can be used as a positive control for immunoblotting experiments using Cayman's Nitrotyrosine Polyclonal Antibody (Item No. 10189540) and Nitrotyrosine Monoclonal Antibody (Item No. 189542).