Andrographolide

Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that is the main bioactive component of A. paniculata, a well-recognized medicinal plant in Asia. It exerts a wide range of therapeutic actions, including immunosuppressant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antiviral, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidative stress, antipyretic, antioedematogenic, and antinociceptive activities.{21112} Andrographolide treatment inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) binding to DNA promoters of target genes (IC50 = ~15 ?M), by forming a covalent adduct with reduced cysteine (62) of the NF-?B p50 subunit, and can also induce expression of the CYP1A subfamily of the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes.{21113,21111} At 5 ?g/g body weight it can suppress the activation of NF-?B in stimulated endothelial cells, reducing the expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin, abrogating the cytokine- and endotoxin-induced peritoneal infiltration of neutrophils, attenuating septic shock, and preventing allergic lung inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.{21111}