17B-Estradiol-d2

17B-Estradiol-d2 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 17B-estradiol (Item Nos. ISO60155 | 10006315) by GC- or LC-MS. 17B-Estradiol is the major pre-menopausal bioactive estrogen and an active metabolite of testosterone.{68406,68407,68408} It is produced primarily by the ovary, and to a lesser extent, by the adrenals, testes, and adipose tissue, as well as by the placenta during pregnancy.{68406} 17B-Estradiol binds to estrogen receptors localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane and induces gene transcription or non-genomic intracellular signaling in a location-dependent manner.{68407} It regulates reproductive development in females and spermatogenesis in males, as well as various non-reproductive processes including lipid and glucose homeostasis, bone mass maintenance, cognition, energy balance, and dilation of blood vessels.{68407,68408} 17B-Estradiol deficiency due to hypogonadism or 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency is associated with fatigue, incontinence, osteoporosis, depression, emotional instability, and hot flashes.