(+-)9-HEPE

(+-)9-HEPE is a racemic mixture of the monohydroxy fatty acids 9(R)-HEPE and 9(S)-HEPE (Item No. 32410). It is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; Item Nos. 90110 | 21908 | 90110.1).{29249} (+-)9-HEPE (128 µM) induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARa), PPARy, and PPARd transactivation in NIH3T3 cells expressing the mouse receptors.{66194} It reduces increases in the expression of the genes encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-a, IL-1B, and IL-6 in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages induced by palmitate, as well as inhibits palmitate-induced migration of isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages, when used at a concentration of 1 µM.{66195} (+-)9-HEPE decreases hepatic triglyceride levels and plasma LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis when administered in combination with (+-)5-HEPE (Item No. 32200) and (+-)17,18-EEQ ((+-)17(18)-EpETE; Item No. 50861).