Source : Escherichia Coli. 4 1BBL Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 184 amino acids & having a molecular mass of 19.5kDa.The 4 1BBL is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. 4-1BBL is a transmembrane cytokine that is part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) lig& family. 4-1BBL is a bidirectional signal transducer that performs as a lig& for TNFRSF9, which is a costimulatory receptor molecule in T lymphocytes. TNFSF9 & its TNFRSF9 take part in the antigen presentation development & in the generation of cytotoxic T cells. 4-1BBR is absent from resting T lymphocytes but rapidly expressed upon antigenic stimulation. TNFSF9 reactivates anergic T lymphocytes as well as promoting T lymphocyte proliferation. 4-1BB Lig& is needed for the optimal CD8 responses in CD8 T cells. 4-1BBL is expressed in carcinoma cell lines, & is thought to be involved in T cell-tumor cell interaction. 4-1BBL is expressed by activated B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, activated T cells, neurons & astrocytes. The interaction of 4-1BB with TNFRSF9 strongly regulates immunity & has been proposed to preferentially control T cell responses based on studies in various murin.