2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine

2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine is an alkaloid that has been found in L. wallichii and has diverse biological activities.{54098,54099,54100} It reduces kainate-induced increases in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxicity in primary rat hippocampal neurons when used at a concentration of 5 µM.{54098} 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (0.1 mM) induces vasodilation in precontracted isolated and endothelium-denuded rat tail artery strips and reduces blood pressure in anesthetized rats.{54099} It decreases infarct volume, caspase-3 activation, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) levels in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg.{54100}