Isoconazole (nitrate)

Isoconazole is an imidazole with antimicrobial activity.{46541} It is active against clinical isolates of Candida species, including C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and C. guilliermondii with MIC values ranging from 0.12 to 2 ?g/ml. It is also active against the fungi T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum when used at a concentration of 0.1 µg/ml and the bacteria C. tuberculostearicum, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and S. epidermis (MICs = 3.9, 32, and 5.6 mg/L, respectively).{46851,46852} Isoconazole induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S. aureus.{46852} It also inhibits heme oxygenase in rat spleen and rat brain microsomes that endogenously express high levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and HO-2, respectively (IC50s = 5.6 and 32.6 µM, respectively).{24647}