Emestrin

Emestrin is a mycotoxin originally isolated from E. striata that has antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activities.{48878,48879,48880,48881,48882} It is active against the fungi C. albicans and C. neoformans, as well as the bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; IC50s = 3.94, 0.6, 2.21, 4.55, and 2.21 µg/ml, respectively).{48879} Emestrin is a chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonist (IC50 = 5.4 µM in a radioligand binding assay using isolated human monocytes).{48880} Emestrin (0.1 µg/ml) induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells.{48881} It induces heart, thymus, and liver tissue necrosis in mice when administered at doses ranging from 18 to 30 mg/kg.{48882}