Echinacoside

Echinacoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside that has been found in Echinacea and has diverse biological activities.{53590,53591,53592,53593} It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) radicals (EC50 = 6.6 µM in a cell-free assay).{53590} Echinacoside (10 µg/ml) inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in PC12 cells.{53591} It reduces increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), TNF-a, IL-1B, IL-16, and IL-10 levels and hepatocyte apoptosis induced by LPS/D-galactosamine in a mouse model of acute liver injury when administered at a dose of 60 mg/kg.{53592} Echinacoside (20 mg/kg per day for 15 days) prevents loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and decreases in striatal dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease.{53593} It also improves motor performance in the rotarod test in the same model.