4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is a phenolic acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-steatotic activities.{46255,62918} It is formed via microbial metabolism of aromatic amino acids and polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoid glycosides, by gut microbiota.{46256,46257,46258} 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (100 mg/kg) inhibits seawater instillation-induced increases in TNF-a, IL-1B, and IL-6 levels in lung tissue and white blood cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and prevents lung edema in a rat model of acute lung injury.{46255} It reverses hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity when administered via a subcutaneous implant at a dose of 350 µg/day for two weeks.{62918} Levels of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid are increased and decreased in serum and urine, respectively, in rats fed a high-fat diet.{46256} Serum levels of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid are increased in patients with stage III pancreatic cancer.{46259}