1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid

1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5-DCQA) has been found in A. montana and is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor and free radical scavenger.{43193,43194} 1,5-DCQA inhibits HIV-1 integrase 3' end processing, end joining, and disintegration with IC50 values of 0.35, 0.56, and 0.84 ?g/ml, respectively.{43194} It also inhibits HIV-1 replication in MT-2 T lymphoblastoid cells with an ED50value of 2 ?g/ml. 1,5-DCQA (0.25-1 ?M) reduces the level of free radicals released from human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells stimulated by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP; Item No. 21495) in a dose-dependent manner.{43193} It also dose-dependently increases cell survival and glutathione (GSH) levels and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion assay in rat cerebral astrocytes when used at concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 µM.{43195}