22(S)-hydroxy Cholesterol

22(S)-hydroxy Cholesterol is a synthetic oxysterol and a modulator of the liver X receptor (LXR).{41628} It prevents monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression induced by the LXR agonist GW 3965 (Item No. 10054) in primary hepatocytes and downregulates mRNA expression of the LXR target genes CD36, ACSL1, and SCD-1 in human myotubes.{41629} It decreases triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol synthesis from labeled palmitate and acetate, respectively, in human myoblasts by 50% when used at a concentration of 10 µM.{41628} 22(S)-hydroxy Cholesterol also reduces fatty acid synthase (FASN) reporter activity through an LXR response element in the promoter region in COS-1 cells transfected with RXRa and LXRa and decreases the expression of MCP-1 and CCR2 in a mouse model of chronic ethanol consumption.{41628,41629} Dietary supplementation of 22(S)-hydroxy cholesterol (30 mg/kg per day) leads to less body weight gain and lower liver triacylglycerol levels in rats when fed either a regular chow or high-fat diet as well as prevents an increase in plasma triacylglycerol levels resulting from a high-fat diet.{41630}