(E)-2-Hexadecenal

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid involved in many signaling processes, is irreversibly degraded by the membrane-bound S1P lyase. (E)-2-Hexadecenal is a sphingolipid degradation product resulting from the action of S1P lyase. It can be further oxidized to (2E)-hexadecenoic acid by long-chain fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase prior to activation via coupling to coenzyme A. (E)-2-Hexadecenal has been shown to induce cytoskeletal reorganization that results in cell rounding, detachment, activation of downstream JNK targets, and eventual apoptosis in various cell types.{28538} It reacts readily with deoxyguanosine and DNA to form aldehyde-derived DNA adducts.{28539}