3,3'-Diindolylmethane

3,3’-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a bioactive metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, a phytochemical produced by the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucobrassicin found in cruciferous vegetables. At 10-30 µM, it demonstrates anticancer and chemopreventative effects involving Nrf2 induction of Phase 2 enzymes, promotion of apoptosis, induction of cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibition of histone deacetylases and DNA methylation activities.{25951,25954,25953} Furthermore, at 0.3 µM DIM was shown to act as a potent radioprotector and mitigator of the effects of ionizing radiation exposure by stimulating an ATM-driven DNA damage-like response and NF-kB survival signaling in cultured epithelial cells.{25952}