Cyclophosphamide (hydrate)

Cyclophosphamide is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent.{60549} It acts as a prodrug and is converted to the active metabolite phosphoramide mustard (Item No. 34078) via 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and aldophosphamide intermediates by cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) in the liver. Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) induces the formation of DNA interstrand crosslinks in leukemia cells isolated from an L1210 leukemia mouse model.{62528} It decreases the percentage of isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes expressing CD3, CD4, or CD19 when administered to mice at doses of 100 or 150 mg/kg.{62529} Cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) induces nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats.{62530} It is teratogenic to embryos when administered to pregnant dams on day 11 of gestation at doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg.{58493} Formulations containing cyclophosphamide have been used in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune disorders.