(+-)12(13)-DiHOME

(+-)12(13)-DiHOME is the diol form of (+-)12(13)-EpOME (Item No. 52450), a cytochrome P450-derived epoxide of linoleic acid (Item Nos. 90150 | 90150.1 | 21909) also known as isoleukotoxin.{8529} It is formed from 12(13)-EpOME by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in neutrophils.{17057} 12(13)-DiHOME is toxic to Sf21 cells expressing sEH and to lacZ-expressing control cells, unlike isoleukotoxin, which is only toxic to cells containing sEH.{8529,17057} Levels of 12(13)-DiHOME are increased in rat spinal cord following burn injury, and it enhances cold tolerance, increases fatty acid uptake into brown adipocytes, and decreases serum triglyceride levels in mice.{35412,34553} Levels are also elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in humans following exposure to biodiesel exhaust and in exhaled breath condensate in patients with allergic asthma following allergen exposure.{42556,42557} Plasma levels of 12(13)-DiHOME are increased immediately following moderate-intensity exercise in mice and humans, an effect that can be prevented by brown adipose tissue removal in the mouse.{35413}